Monthly Archive for January, 2008

A few weeks ago I read an article in The Economist about distributed computing BUY Pyridium ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION, , defined by Wikipedia as "a method of computer processing in which different parts of a program are run simultaneously on two or more computers that are communicating with each other over a network."  Basically what you do is download a program that, when you're not around, uses your computer's processor (which would otherwise be mostly idle) to crunch data sent to it from a central server.  Your computer joins thousands of others crunching data at any one time, forming a giant networked supercomputer with each unit working on a different piece of the puzzle. Buy Pyridium without a prescription, What's the puzzle?  It can be anything, or at least anything that requires a whole lot of computer power to figure out.  Some puzzles are humanitarian in nature; for example, where to buy Pyridium, Buying Pyridium online over the counter, the World Community Grid (sponsored by IBM) currently has projects tackling cancer, AIDS, order Pyridium online overnight delivery no prescription, Purchase Pyridium online no prescription, and Dengue fever research, as well as African climate change.  Others are more geeky (or, where can i buy cheapest Pyridium online, Buy Pyridium no prescription, should we say, scientific), purchase Pyridium, Where can i buy Pyridium online, like the SETI@home project which is searching for extraterrestrial intelligence by analyzing radio telescope data.

So the bottom line is this: while one way to save the planet and contribute to science is through the donation of time and money, online buying Pyridium hcl, Canada, mexico, india, another way is through the donation of your computer's processing power.  Why let your computer idly sit while you're at work or school all day -- occasionally using a small processor burst to throw the next picture from your hard drive onto your screensaver, which no one but your dog is watching -- when you can have it use its full capacity to solve some of the world's toughest problems, buy Pyridium online cod. Comprar en línea Pyridium, comprar Pyridium baratos, The buzz word for this phenomenon is "donating spare cycles."  Basically, a cycle is the process your computer goes through to retrieve a command from its memory and execute that command.  It's how your computer works and, Pyridium for sale, Buy generic Pyridium, in a way, it's how our minds work too.  A human cycle, buy Pyridium from mexico, Pyridium over the counter, then, would be the process our brain goes through to retrieve and process information from our memory.  But do humans have spare cycles to donate?  You bet, buy no prescription Pyridium online. Kjøpe Pyridium på nett, köpa Pyridium online, Meet Luis von Ahn.  I first read about him in this article in Wired magazine.  You know those pictures of twisted letters and numbers that you have to enter to sign up for an e-mail or other online account?  Those are called "CAPTCHAs", and von Ahn invented them.  CAPTCHA stands for "Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart."  While optical character recognition has advanced far enough to allow computers to "read" standard text, purchase Pyridium online, Pyridium samples, the technology is not (yet) capable of deciphering the contorted figures presented in CAPTCHAs.  By entering the letters you see, you prove to the system that you are a human, buy cheap Pyridium no rx.

So we've established that CAPTCHAs are essentially good, because they protect the integrity of such services as Facebook, Gmail, and so on.  But aren't they annoying?  Do you feel like you've just wasted 10 seconds of your life when you fill one out?  Well, what if I told you that those 10 "wasted" seconds could, when correctly harnessed, actually be used to do some good, BUY Pyridium ONLINE NO PRESCRIPTION. Ordering Pyridium online, Enter the reCAPTCHA, also invented by von Ahn.  What is it?  The website for reCAPTCHAs informs us that while it takes about 10 seconds for one person to fill out a CAPTCHA, australia, uk, us, usa, Buy Pyridium from canada, "in aggregate these little puzzles consume more than 150,000 hours of work each day."  150, Pyridium trusted pharmacy reviews, Buy Pyridium from mexico, 000 hours of "wasted" time every single day.  Imagine if those man-hours were put to use.

reCAPTCHAs do just that by asking you to enter slightly distorted characters from two word images in a CAPTCHA.  One image's solution is known by the computer, where can i buy cheapest Pyridium online, Pyridium gel, ointment, cream, pill, spray, continuous-release, extended-release, and the other is not.  This second, unreadable image has been pulled from the book scanning project being undertaken by the Internet Archive, Pyridium price, coupon, Pyridium for sale, similar to the Google Books project.  If you get the first word right, then the system assumes that the answer you provide for the second word is also correct.  The system verifies the answer through several users before sending it back into the database.  In those otherwise "wasted" 10 seconds, where to buy Pyridium, Buy Pyridium without a prescription, you have more or less helped in the effort to render the world's libraries digital.  How 'bout that.

Von Ahn has several projects that are studying and implementing this idea of distributed human computation.  The ESP Game randomly matches up two players who are presented with a single image.  They are tasked with "tagging" that image with words that describe it.  When the two players agree on a word, fast shipping Pyridium, Buy Pyridium online no prescription, they get points based on the time it took them to enter the common word and then move on to the next image.  After an image is used in several games, commonly tagged words are considered "taboo" and cannot be used as the agreement word between the two players.  This forces players to be creative and find more descriptive or more contextual terms to describe the picture, online buy Pyridium without a prescription. Where to buy Pyridium, So what's the deal?  Most image search engines have only two things to go on when scouring the web in response to your query: the title of the image, and the words surrounding the image on a webpage.  By using the information gathered from The ESP Game, where can i find Pyridium online, Ordering Pyridium online, however, search engines now have human-generated and -verified terms that describe the subject of the image, order Pyridium from mexican pharmacy, Order Pyridium online c.o.d, the colors of the image, even the quality of the image.  By playing a (fun and addictive) game, purchase Pyridium online no prescription, Real brand Pyridium online, players help make the web more searchable.

Another example of distributed human computing is the Mechanical Turk, order Pyridium online overnight delivery no prescription, Japan, craiglist, ebay, overseas, paypal, a project hosted by Amazon.com.  The philosophy is similar: the site recruits users to complete tasks that computers simply cannot -- a "human intelligence task", or HIT.  Last summer, the Mechanical Turk was famously used to distribute discrete sections of satellite imagery of the Nevada desert to thousands of humans, who in turn clicked "yes" or "no" as to whether there was any sign of Steve Fossett's downed aircraft.  Fossett was not found and the search was ended, but as many as six previously unknown crash sites were discovered in the process.  Because this project is not in game-form, users are enticed to stay through monetary compensation -- mostly pennies per task, but that can add up in the end.

In a presentation to Google (video here), Luis von Ahn talks about The ESP Game and some of his other initiatives in human computation.  If this stuff sparks your curiosity, it's worth the 50-minute watch.  But here's the money quote, as paraphrased by Bob Wyman:

Ahn estimates that during 2003, 9 billion human-hours were consumed [...] just by people playing Solitaire on their computers. [...] To provide some scale to that number, Ahn shows that the Empire State Building in NYC took only 7 million human-hours to build (6.8 hours of Solitaire play) and the larger Panama Canal took only 20 million human-hours to build (less than a day of Solitaire.)

Images courtesy of Carnegie Mellon University, and Flickr users saschaaa and tmartin.

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